Dihybrid Cross

During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate independently. This results in four possible combinations of alleles for each gene in the offspring. The F2 generation exhibits a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 for the four possible combinations of the two traits. This ratio results from the independent assortment of the two genes during meiosis.

P Generation

The P generation refers to the parental generation used to initiate the experiment. The P generation individuals are homozygous for two different traits, and they are crossed to produce the F1 generation. Here, a round (RR), yellow (YY) seed is crossed with a wrinkled (rr), green (yy) seed.

F1 Generation

The F1 generation refers to the first filial generation, which is the offspring of the parental generation. The F1 individuals are heterozygous for both traits (YyRr), and they show the dominant phenotype (round, yellow seeds) for both traits. It sets the stage for understanding the inheritance of traits in subsequent generations.

Punnet Square

A Punnett square is a graphical tool used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in a genetic cross. It is based on the principles of probability and shows the distribution of alleles from parents to offspring. The Punnett square can be used for different types of crosses, including monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.