Endoplasmic Reticulum
Overview
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cell organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis. It comes in two types: rough ER, studded with ribosomes for protein production, and smooth ER, responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification. The ER plays a crucial role in the cell's internal structure and function.Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
RER is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is covered with ribosomes on its surface and is responsible for protein synthesis. RER plays a crucial role in the proper folding and modification of newly synthesized proteins. It aids the proper functioning of organs such as the pancreas, which secretes insulin into the bloodstream.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
SER is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It lacks ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage. In animal cells, SER is abundant in organs such as the liver, where it plays a crucial role in detoxifying drugs and other toxic substances.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are tiny organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for protein synthesis by translating the genetic information stored in RNA into proteins. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, which come together during protein synthesis and dissociate when the process is complete.