The matter around us is of two types, pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances have the same composition throughout. They can be classified as elements or compounds. A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.
The properties of a compound are different from the properties of each of the elements that make up the compound. In mixtures, all of the substances that make up the mixture retain their original properties.

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

At times, it is required to prevent certain chemical reactions from occurring. In such cases inhibitors are used to slow down or even stop a chemical reaction. Inhibitors are used in food industry to slow down or inhibit food spoilage.

Explore the captivating world of inhibitors, where we'll unlock the secrets of slowing down reactions and discover how these powerful substances influence chemical processes in this intriguing simulation!

Inhibitors

Biochemistry

The VSEPR theory, standing for valence-shell electron pair repulsion, is a model used to predict the 3D geometry of a molecule based on the number of electron pairs present in its valence shell. Play around with this simulation to learn more about the different geometries projected by the VESPR model and see how well the structures of real molecules line up with its predictions!

Molecule Shapes

__Agate__

Agates are stunning gemstones formed inside volcanic rocks. Over time, minerals and silica-rich fluids fill cavities, creating beautiful, banded patterns. Their unique colors and patterns make them prized in jewelry and collectibles.

Agate is a common rock formation, consisting of chalcedony and quartz as its primary components, with a wide variety of colors.

General Bio

Agate

__Bohr’s Model of an Atom__

The Bohr model describes the structure of an atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting in specific energy levels around it. Electrons can jump between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy. This model helps us understand basic atomic properties and electron behavior in atoms.

__K Shell__

The K shell is the first energy level closest to the nucleus and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

__L Shell__

The L shell is the second energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K shell. The L shell can hold up to 8 electrons.

__M Shell__

The M shell is the third energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K and L shells. The M shell can hold up to 18 electrons.

__Protons__

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine the atomic number of an element, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. It also contributes to the mass of the atom.

__Neutrons__

Neutrons are subatomic particles with no electric charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. They play a critical role in determining the stability and mass of the nucleus.

__Electrons__

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and are found outside the nucleus of an atom in regions called electron shells or orbitals. Electrons do not significantly contribute to the mass of an atom.


An aluminium atom has 13 electrons, arranged in an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s2 3p1, with three electrons beyond a stable noble gas configuration. Learn more about this arrangement by interacting with this 3D model.


General Chemistry

Aluminum

__Bohr’s Model of an Atom__

The Bohr model describes the structure of an atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting in specific energy levels around it. Electrons can jump between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy. This model helps us understand basic atomic properties and electron behavior in atoms.

__K Shell__

The K shell is the first energy level closest to the nucleus and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

__L Shell__

The L shell is the second energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K shell. The L shell can hold up to 8 electrons.

__M Shell__

The M shell is the third energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K and L shells. The M shell can hold up to 18 electrons.

__N Shell__

The N shell is the fourth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, and M shells. The N shell can hold up to 32 electrons.

__O Shell__

The O shell is the fifth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, M, and N shells. 

__P Shell__

The P shell is the sixth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, M, N, and O shells. 

__Q Shell__

The Q shell is the seventh energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, M, N, O, and P shells. 

__Protons__

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine the atomic number of an element, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. It also contributes to the mass of the atom.

__Neutrons__

Neutrons are subatomic particles with no electric charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. They play a critical role in determining the stability and mass of the nucleus.

__Electrons__

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and are found outside the nucleus of an atom in regions called electron shells or orbitals. Electrons do not significantly contribute to the mass of an atom.


Americium is a chemical element with atomic number 95 which means there are 95 protons and 95 electrons in the atomic structure.

Americium

The periodic table's eighteen group contains the chemical element argon. It is a noble gas and the third most common gas in the atmosphere of the planet. Aside from nitrogen and oxygen, argon is the most prevalent gas in the atmosphere. Like helium, argon is a noble gas, making it fully inert.

Argon

Electrons in Atoms

Atomic structure

The Periodic Table

__Bohr’s Model of an Atom__

The Bohr model describes the structure of an atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting in specific energy levels around it. Electrons can jump between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy. This model helps us understand basic atomic properties and electron behavior in atoms.

__K shell__

The K shell is the first energy level closest to the nucleus and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

__L shell__

The L shell is the second energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K shell. The L shell can hold up to 8 electrons.

__M shell__

The M shell is the third energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K and L shells. The M shell can hold up to 18 electrons.

__N shell__

The N shell is the fourth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, and M shells. The N shell can hold up to 32 electrons.

__O shell__

The O shell is the fifth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, M, and N shells. 

__P shell__

The P shell is the sixth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, M, N, and O shells. 

__Protons__

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine the atomic number of an element, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. It also contributes to the mass of the atom.

__Neutrons__

Neutrons are subatomic particles with no electric charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. They play a critical role in determining the stability and mass of the nucleus.

__Electrons__

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and are found outside the nucleus of an atom in regions called electron shells or orbitals. Electrons do not significantly contribute to the mass of an atom.


Astatine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Astatine's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7

Astatine

__Bohr’s Model of an Atom__

The Bohr model describes the structure of an atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting in specific energy levels around it. Electrons can jump between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy. This model helps us understand basic atomic properties and electron behavior in atoms.

__K Shell__

The K shell is the first energy level closest to the nucleus and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

__L Shell__

The L shell is the second energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K shell. The L shell can hold up to 8 electrons.

__M Shell__

The M shell is the third energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K and L shells. The M shell can hold up to 18 electrons.

__N Shell__

The N shell is the fourth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, and M shells. The N shell can hold up to 32 electrons.

__O Shell__

The O shell is the fifth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, M, and N shells. 

__P Shell__

The P shell is the sixth energy level surrounding the nucleus of an atom, after the K, L, M, N, and O shells. 

__Protons__

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine the atomic number of an element, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. It also contributes to the mass of the atom.

__Neutrons__

Neutrons are subatomic particles with no electric charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. They play a critical role in determining the stability and mass of the nucleus.

__Electrons__

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and are found outside the nucleus of an atom in regions called electron shells or orbitals. Electrons do not significantly contribute to the mass of an atom.


Barium atoms have 56 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2]. View this here as an interactive 3D model.

Explore Our Content Library

CTE: Industrial Trades

Biology

Careers

Chemistry

Physics

Soft Skills

Medical Assistant

Math

Biology Dissections

Elements, Compounds And Mixtures